3 Element's The Need for Affordable Healthcare is Now Essay

3 Element's The Need for Affordable Healthcare is Now - Essay Example The above statement is adequate for the audiences as well as the readers because it informs them of the perceived benefits. It makes them paint a picture of what they are likely to encounter with the implementation of the policy. â€Å"Businesses and corporations that offer benefits packages to their employees spend a large portion of their budget to ensure that in case of a medical emergency, their families and themselves are covered through private insurance companies." "in 2011, a report predicted that by 2014, 30% of health insurance benefits packages were going stop being offered due to the increasing awareness and accessibility to alternate care packages like ObamaCare." "In a 2001 survey, 46.2% filed bankruptcies were directly related to medical problems. Since then, the number has risen to 62 percent of filed bankruptcies in 2009, where over 90 percent of medical debtors were at least $5000 in medical debt or 10% of their family income before taxes". The writer has used evidences to support the thesis statement by giving out figures. Similarly, the figures show the statistics that the policy will have positive effects on the employees as well as employers. Generally, the content o the essay was up to the task because it fulfilled its purpose, had a clear thesis statement, which was supported by evidence. Through all these, the reader is convinced of the content as well as the reliability of the

Legislative action on S.640 in the 102nd Congress Essay Example for Free

Legislative action on S.640 in the 102nd Congress Essay The Act which was introduced vide legislative action on S 640 in the 102nd Congress is named the Product Liability Fairness Act. It is deemed to govern the product liability action that can be brought against a manufacturer or product seller, for causing harm by his product. It provides for a civil action being brought against the manufacturer or product seller for the loss or damage to a product itself or for commercial loss which will in turn be determined by the commercial or contract law which is applicable. It is designed to supersede any state law which is inconsistent regarding recovery in such actions. However this suppression is not applicable under a number of varied circumstances to include the defense of sovereign immunity asserted by any State or by the Federal Government of the United States. The Federal law except the Federal Employees Compensation Act and the Longshore and Harbor Workers Compensation Act, the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976, the State choice-of-law rules, the right of courts to transfer the venue or apply it to a foreign nation or to dismiss a claim of any foreign nation or citizen on grounds which state that this is an inconvenient forum and also any statutory or common law cause of action including action to abate a nuisance, that authorizes a state or person to institute action for civil damages or civil penalties, clean up costs and so on. Any statutory or common law cause of action, including an action to abate a nuisance, that authorizes a State or person to institute an action for civil damages or civil penalties, clean up costs, injunctions, restitution, cost recovery, punitive damages, or any other form of relief from contamination or pollution of the environment or the threat of it. It also implies that this is a very important issue from the point of view of the hypothesis under consideration that US district courts will not have jurisdiction over any civil action under this Act based on the specified provisions of Federal law relating to district court jurisdiction. The Act also declares that in case of any provision of this Act shortening the period during which the producer of goods or his seller otherwise is exposed for liability, the claimant without cognizance of the period can bring about civil action under this Act within one year after its effective date. Title II of the Act allows any claimant to bring civil action for damages against a person for harm caused by a product applicable under the state law except to the extent such law is superseded by this title of the Act. Expeditious settlement measures include an option to include an offer of settlement for a specific dollar amount by the plaintiff or the defendant in a responsive pleading or award of attorney fees and costs to the party which does not accept the terms of settlement of the offer. It also caters for alternative dispute resolution provisions and mechanisms which are recognized by state laws. In Title III, a person is permitted to seek recovery for harm which has been caused by a product through civil action against the manufacturer or seller under applicable or Federal law to the extent that such law is superseded by the Act. It establishes a standard for liability by a product seller for the causes of the harm which can fall under categories of negligence or express warranty. The conduct of the seller can be examined with respect to a variety of factors such as construction, inspection or condition of the product and for not passing on the warning or instructions from the manufacturers only in case these have not been forwarded when the item was in his possession or has not made reasonable efforts to provide the users with the warning and instructions. The seller is treated as a manufacturer and is liable for damage caused in case the manufacturer is not effective to service of process in any State in which the action could have been brought which is relevant in the case of the hypothesis wherein the Federal laws are said to be applicable in states under the Act. Punitive damages are however proscribed against a manufacturer or seller of a drug or medical device where the drug or the device has received the pre market approval of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); and the drug has been accepted as safe under conditions approved by the FDA. Similar protection is provided to manufacturer of aircraft which have been subject to pre-market certification by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The factors to be considered in determining the amount of punitive damages have also been covered. Civil action is barred unless the case is filed within two years after the claimant is said to have discovered the harm and its cause and for a capital good which is not a toxic harm, the period is twenty five years after the delivery of product. The Act provides for compensation to individuals when their rights are infringed as there has to be provision for trans state movement of goods. As invariably there is transmigration of goods between states, there is a need for application of a federal law of such nature. The Bill was introduced by Sen. Robert W Kasten. Jr, a Republican on 13 March 1991 and had 39 co sponsors, which was numerically adequate to see the bill through in case a majority of the senators supported it. The proceeding of the Bill was as given below:-(a) The Bill was introduced on 13 March 1991 and then read and referred to the Committee on Commerce. (b) The Subcommittee on Consumer as well as the Committee on Commerce held hearings and it was reported on 14 November 1991 without amendment. (c) It was referred to the Committee on Judiciary by unanimous consent in June 1992. (d). After consideration by the Judicial Committee it was placed for consideration in Senate by Unanimous Consent on 8 September 1992. (e) Cloture motion to proceed was presented and withdrawn on 8 September 1992. (f) Cloture to proceed was not invoked in Senate by Yea-Nay votes on 10 September 1992 and again not invoked on reconsideration by Yea – Nay vote of 58 – 38. (g) There after this was not pursued further. However the Act in a modified form and through a separate motion has came into force in 1995. The issue before us is however that of liberals being federal focused vis a vis the conservatives. The bill was designed to regulate inter state commerce and provide a uniform product liability law as per the title. It was extensively for the benefit of the individual and the consumer and for all purposes should have been considered by the Senate and approved. However it appears that the underlying clauses in the Bill as given below which restricted the powers of the state could have contributed to its rejection for cloture:- (a) It declared that U. S. district courts did not have jurisdiction over any civil action under this Act, based on specified provisions of Federal law relating to district court jurisdiction. (b) Superseded any inconsistent State law regarding recovery in such actions. A quantitative analysis of the votes has been carried out in the Tables 4 to 6 given below. An examination of Table 4 will reveal that the overwhelming votes of Republicans, 40 have not been in favor of cloture of the legislation with only three for it. The liberal opinion has been with 18 not in favor of the cloture and 35 for it. This clearly indicates that the Republicans were not in favor of restricting the powers of the states even when these were in favor of the individual and also affected the regulation of commerce. This would have avoided a number of vexed issues arising out of inter state commerce which could have been smoothened. But the lack of cloture prevented from such a logical course taking place. The Republican bias towards state independence once again proved to be the stumbling block. An evaluation of the percentages polled will amplify this aspect further for which Table 5 may be examined. The Republicans have voted with an overwhelming 93. 1 percent against the cloture while 66. 1 percent of Democrats were in favor of the cloture. Thereby establishing that a majority of liberals do vote in favor of such motions which provide for federal control on issues which impinge on state – federal relationship. In case the voting is examined quantitatively in terms of percentage of voting in terms of Ayes and Nays with party affiliation, it would emerge that 68. 9 percent Republicans and 31. 1 percent Democrats had voted against the cloture and only 7. 9 percent Republicans and 62. 1 percent Democrats were for cloture. Thus the Democrats are deemed to be overwhelmingly in favor of the cloture.

Mindless Machines :: Essays Papers

Mindless Machines The official foundations for "artificial intelligence" were set forth by A. M. Turing, in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" wherein he also coined the term and made predictions about the field. He claimed that by 1960, a computer would be able to formulate and prove complex mathematical theorems, write music and poetry, become world chess champion, and pass his test of artificial intelligences. In his test, a computer is required to carry on a compelling conversation with humans, fooling them into believing they are speaking with another human. All of his predictions require a computer to think and reason in the same manner as a human. Despite 50 years of effort, only the chess championship has come true. By refocusing artificial intelligence research to a more humanlike, cognitive model, the field will create machines that are truly intelligent, capable of meet Turing's goals. Currently, the only "intelligent" programs and computers are not really intellige nt at all, but rather they are clever applications of different algorithms lacking expandability and versatility. The human intellect has only been used in limited ways in the artificial intelligence field, however it is the ideal model upon which to base research. Concentrating research on a more cognitive model will allow the artificial intelligence (AI) field to create more intelligent entities and ultimately, once appropriate hardware exists, a true AI. Webster's Collegiate Dictionary defines intelligence as the capacity to apprehend facts and propositions, to reason about them, and the ability to understand them and their relations to each other. A. M. Turing had this definition in mind when he made his predictions and designed his test, commonly known as the Turing test. His test is, in principle, simple. A group of judges converse with different entities, some computers and some human, without knowledge of which is which. The job of the judges is to discern which entity is a computer. Judges may ask them any question they like, "Are you a computer?" excepted, and the participants may answer with anything they like, and in turn, ask questions of the judges. The concept of the test is not difficult, but creating an entity capable of passing the test with current technology is virtually impossible. Current AI entities are only different applications of algorithms already in heavy use and are not actually intelligent.

Equity Research Report Hul

EQUITY RESEARCH REPORT (HUL) FMCG SECTOR INDIA OUTLOOK The burgeoning middle class Indian population, as well as the rural sector, present a huge potential for this sector. The FMCG sector in India is at present, the fourth largest sector with a total market size in excess of USD 13 billion as of 2012. This sector is expected to grow to a USD 33 billion industry by 2015 and to a whooping USD 100 billion by the year 2025. This sector is characterized by strong MNC presence and a well established distribution network. In India the easy availability of raw materials as well as cheap labour makes it an ideal destination for this sector.There is also intense competition between the organised and unorganised segments and the fight to keep operational costs low. CHALLENGES TO FMCG SECTOR * Increasing rate of inflation, which is likely to lead to higher cost of raw materials. * The standardization of packaging norms that is likely to be implemented by the Government by Jan 2013 is expected t o increase cost of beverages, cereals, edible oil, detergent, flour, salt, aerated drinks and mineral water. * Steadily rising fuel costs, leading to increased distribution costs. The present slow-down in the economy may lower demand of FMCG products, particularly in the premium sector, leading to reduced volumes. * The declining value of rupee against other currencies may reduce margins of many companies, as Marico, Godrej Consumer Products, Colgate, Dabur, etc who import raw materials. HIGH GROWTH DRIVING FACTOR * Increasing rate of urbanization, expected to see major growth in coming years. * Rise in disposable incomes, resulting in premium brands having faster growth and deeper penetration. * Innovative and stronger channels of distribution to the rural segment, leading to deeper penetration into this segment. Increase in rural non-agricultural income and benefits from government welfare programmes. * Investment in stock markets of FMCG companies, which are expected to grow cons tantly. This sector will continue to see growth as it depends on an ever-increasing internal market for consumption, and demand for these goods remains more or less constant, irrespective of recession or inflation. Hence this sector will grow, though it may not be a smooth growth path, due to the present world-wide economic slowdown, rising inflation and fall of the rupee.This sector will see good growth in the long run and hiring will continue to remain robust DEMAND FOR FMCG SECTOR Confidence of consumer product makers is waning as a delayed  monsoon  and lingering weakness in the economy threaten to subdue revenue growth for the sector in the next two quarters. Several marketers, including Dabur, Marico,  Godrej Consumer Products Ltd  (GCPL),  ITC  and  Emami, fear pressure on premium products and rural demand – two important growth drivers – in the coming months as sustained high  inflation  and a hold-up in monsoon could prompt buyers to tighten purse strings. While the high-end, super-premium segment does not get impacted by inflation, demand in the mass premium segment could contract if overall economic sentiment does not improve,† said Sunil Duggal, CEO ofDabur India, the maker of Real juices and Vatika shampoo. ABOUT HUL HUL is the market leader in Indian consumer products with presence in over 20 consumer categories such as soaps, tea, detergents and shampoos amongst others with over 700 million Indian consumers using its products. Seventeen of HUL’s brands featured in the  ACNielsen  Brand Equity list of 100 Most Trusted Brands Annual Survey (2011).The company also happens to have the highest number of brands in this list, with six brands featuring in the top 15 list. The company has a distribution channel of 6. 3 million outlets and owns 35 major Indian brands. Its brands include LABOR COST IN INDIA IS THE LOWEST AMONG THE EMERGING ASIAN COUNTRIES HUL RATIOS RATIO| 2012| 2011| 2010| 2009| 2008| Curre nt Ratio| 0. 8954| 0. 9000| 0. 81268| 0. 9834| 0. 65823| Quick Ratio| 0. 4978| 0. 4711| 0. 48604| 0. 5436| 0. 27253| Cash Flow Liquidity ratio| 0. 6038| 0. 5519| 0. 80573| 0. 6679| 0. 38392| Average Collection Period| 13. 343| 17. 560| 14. 0918| 10. 01| 12. 2710| Days Inventory Held| 48. 957| 59. 526| 53. 1215| 51. 365| 60. 4530| Days Payable Outstanding| 73. 481| 81. 979| 104. 886| 66. 724| 87. 8556| Account Receivable turnover| 27. 355| 20. 785| 25. 9014| 36. 494| 29. 7448| Accounts Payable Turnover| 3. 6017| 3. 0947| 2. 43856| 3. 9712| 3. 01573| Inventory Turnover| 5. 4059| 4. 2619| 4. 81485| 5. 1589| 4. 38272| Fixed assets turnover| 10. 36| 9. 01| 8. 01| 12. 34| 8. 87| Total Assets Turnover| 4. 9807| 5. 4970| 6. 59332| 7. 9313| 8. 55871| Debt Ratio| 0| 0| 0. 00402| 0. 1683| 0. 06321| LONG TERM DEBT TO CAPITAL EMPLOYED| 0| 0| 0. 00402| 0. 683| 0. 06321| gross profit ratio| 16. 449| 40. 107| 41. 4842| 49. 423| 51. 688| Operating Profit Ratio| 16. 456| 15. 911| 16. 8758| 15. 909| 1 8. 0540| Net Profit Ratio| 11. 947| 11. 520| 12. 2033| 12. 268| 13. 8754| Return on Investments| 59. 509| 63. 326| 80. 4618| 97. 307| 118. 755| Return on Equity| 76. 068| 84. 339| 81. 1040| 117. 42| 127. 232| Cash Return on Assets| 0. 4351| 0. 5281| 1. 29341| 0. 7963| 1. 07195| Price to Earning| 18. 569| 26. 227| 30. 0113| 37. 728| 56. 8245| Peer comparison s. no. | Name | Market capitalisation| Sales turnover| Net profit | Total assets| 1| GODREJ| 22933. 3| 2980. 08| 604. 39| 2761. 43| 2| DABUR| 22448. 83| 3759. 33| 463. 24| 1576. 54| 3| MARICO| 13361. 56| 2970. 30| 336. 58| 1677. 27| 4| EMAMI| 9101. 40| 1389. 82| 256. 81| 804. 23| 5| P&G| 8103. 50| 1297. 41| 181. 29| 600. 62| 6| GILLETTE| 7130. 13| 1232. 90| 75. 73| 600. 33| 7| JYOTHY LABS| 2860. 82| 662. 97| 83. 52| 1226. 42| 8| BAJAJ CORP. | 2926. 40| 473. 31| 120. 09| 427. 86| 9| HUL| 118139| 22116. 37| 2691. 40| 3512. 93| BALANCE SHEET OF HUL| ——————- in Rs. Cr. —— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€-| | Mar '12| Mar '11| Mar '10| Mar '09| Dec '07| | | 12 mths| 12 mths| 12 mths| 15 mths| 12 mths| | | | | | |Sources Of Funds| | | | | | | | | | Total Share Capital| 216. 15| 215. 95| 218. 17| 217. 99| | | | | | | Equity Share Capital| 216. 15| 215. 95| 218. 17| 217. 99| 217. 75| | | | | | Share Application Money| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| | | | | | Preference Share Capital| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| | | | | | | Reserves| 3,296. 11| 2,417. 30| 2,364. 68| 1,842. 85| 217. 75| | | | | | Revaluation Reserves| 0. 67| 0. 67| 0. 67| 0. 67| 0. 67| | | | | | Networth| 3,512. 93| 2,633. 92| 2,583. 52| 2,061. 51| 1,439. 24| | | | | | Secured Loans| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 144. 65| 25. 2| | | | | | Unsecured Loans| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 277. 30| 63. 01| | | | | | Total Debt| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 421. 95| 88. 53| | | | | | Total Liabilities| 3,512. 93| 2,633. 92| 2,583. 52| 2,483. 46| 1,527. 77| | | | | | | Mar '12| Mar '11| Mar '10| Mar '09| Dec '07| | | | | | | | 12 mths| 12 mths| 12 mths| 15 mths| 12 mths| | | | | | | Application Of Funds| | | | | | | | | | Gross Block| 3,574. 67| 3,759. 62| 3,581. 96| 2,881. 73| 2,669. 08| | | | | | Less: Accum. Depreciation| 1,416. 88| 1,590. 46| 1,419. 85| 1,274. 95| 1,146. 57| | | | | | Net Block| 2,157. 79| 2,169. 16| 2,162. 11| 1,606. 8| 1,522. 51| | | | | | Capital Work in Progress| 210. 89| 299. 08| 273. 96| 472. 07| 185. 64| | | | | | Investments| 2,438. 21| 1,260. 68| 1,264. 08| 332. 62| 1,440. 81| | | | | | Inventories| 2,516. 65| 2,811. 26| 2,179. 93| 2,528. 86| 1,953. 60| | | | | | Sundry Debtors| 678. 99| 943. 20| 678. 44| 536. 89| 443. 37| | | | | | Cash and Bank Balance| 510. 05| 281. 91| 231. 37| 190. 59| 200. 11| | | | | | Total Current Assets| 3,705. 69| 4,036. 37| 3,089. 74| 3,256. 34| 2,597. 08| | | | | | Loans and Advances| 1,314. 72| 1,099. 72| 1,068. 31| 1,196. 95| 1,083. 28| | | | | | Fixed Deposits| 1,319. 9| 1,358. 10| 1,660. 84| 1,586. 76| 0. 75| | | | | | Total CA, Loans & Ad vances| 6,340. 40| 6,494. 19| 5,818. 89| 6,040. 05| 3,681. 11| | | | | | Deffered Credit| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| | | | | | Current Liabilities| 5,688. 44| 6,264. 21| 5,493. 97| 4,440. 08| 4,028. 41| | | | | | Provisions| 1,945. 92| 1,324. 98| 1,441. 55| 1,527. 98| 1,273. 90| | | | | | Total CL & Provisions| 7,634. 36| 7,589. 19| 6,935. 52| 5,968. 06| 5,302. 31| | | | | | Net Current Assets| -1,293. 96| -1,095. 00| -1,116. 63| 71. 99| -1,621. 20| | | | | | Miscellaneous Expenses| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 00| 0. 0| 0. 00| | | | | | Total Assets| 3,512. 93| 2,633. 92| 2,583. 52| 2,483. 46| 1,527. 76| | | | | | CAPITAL ASSET PRICING METHOD 1. REQUIRED RATE OF RETURN = Risk free return +? (Risk premium) Ri = Rf + ? (Rm – Rf) = 8. 1 +0. 27 (6. 5) Ri = 9. 855% 2. ZERO GROWTH MODEL Where, dividend = Rs. 7. 5 Po = d/r = 7. 5/9. 855% Po = 76. 10 3. CONSTANT GROWTH MODEL (GORDON MODEL) PO = DO(1+g) r-g d1 r-g Where , growth rate = historical growth of average dividend paid of last 5 years g = 6. 75% = 7. 5(1+6. 75%) (9. 855-6. 75)% PO = 258. 266 4. Implicit growth P0 = d1 R – g Where, po = 534. 25, d1=8. 006 , r= 9. 855% P0 = d1 R – g 534. 25= 8. 006/ (0. 098-g) G= 0. 083 or 8. 3% Cash flow model Ri = 9. 855% Calculation of growth rate of cash flows =(1. 69*1. 51*. 54)1/3 -1 = . 1128 =11. 28% Assuming the abnormal growth of (11. 8%) is for 2 years, and after this the company is back to normal growth trajectory of 6% growth rate Cash flow from operation = 2884. 24 crore Vc = 2884. 24(1+. 1128)/(1+. 09) + 2884. 24(1+. 1128)2/(1+. 09)2 + 2884. 24(1+. 1128)2(1+. 06) (9. 855-6)% (1. 09)2 Vc = 88605 Vp = 0 Vd = 1000 Therefore, Ve = Vc – Vp – Vd = 88605-1000 = 85605 crore Total no. of shares outstanding = 216. 15 crore Po = Ve Total no. of shares outstanding = 85605/216. 15 Po = 396. 04 MULTIPLE MODEL p/e of company=32. 95 p/e of industry = 44. 0 price of company’s share = 534. 25 earnings for the company’s stock = price o f co. stock p/e of the co. =534. 25/32. 95 Earnings for the company’s stock = 16. 21 Po = Earning’s of company*P/E of industry =16. 21*44. 50 Po = 721. 345 Analysis: The current market price of the stock is Rs.. 534. 25 , as per the valuation of stock under distinct method , it is assessed that the stock is overvalued therefore new buyers should not invest at this point, whereas, those who are invested in share are advised to sell the share and enjoy the profits Performance of stock in last 1 year

Discretionary Fiscal Policy

The effect of time lags in discretionary fiscal policy in the economic growth and development by the congress and the president captures a broad economic phenomenon. A discretionary fiscal policy is the level of legislative parameters which are used as action policies for providing stimulus for the effect of control of economic recession. However, the most adequate system of recession control using discretionary fiscal policy relate to an estimation of the most adequate time period with which such recession period is to operate in so as to provide the most lucrative legislative tools.(http://www. cbo. gov/ftpdocs/89xx/doc8916/MainText. 4. 1. shtml) However, a problem exists in estimating the most appropriate economic periods between the upswings and the downswings which the congress and the president is to apply such policies. Since discretionary tools are only used to wave out the problem founded by economy in recession, the relevant stimulus which is a applied for such control are only time constrained and functional if the estimated states of recession is still in occupation.However, a problem mounts on when other various economic shocks which cause time differential hits the economy leading to subjective sub-optimal controls by the discretionary fiscal policies. Since, the status of the economy is difficult to access in terms of its length/span and the states of capacity and economic implication, the use of discretionary fiscal policy would therefore become difficult. (http://www. cbo. gov/ftpdocs/89xx/doc8916/MainText. 4. 1. shtml) Either, time lags are sensitive variables in defining the scope of economic stability.Generally, time lags may cause preferential economic instability where such tools used to overcome their effects become negatively implicating. Either, economic recession is purely a bad state which would even compromise economic stability. At recession, the state of GDP in terms of aggregate supply and also aggregate demand are usually not at equilibrium. When the tools for economic recession become counteractive, the state economic stability is therefore compromised. Misappropriated time lags lead to disequilibria in the economic markets. Reference Options for Responding to Short-Term Economic Weakness. Retrieved on 11th March 2008 form, http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/89xx/doc8916/MainText.4.1.shtml

Mcdonald’s Essay Example

Mcdonald’s Essay Example Mcdonald’s Essay Mcdonald’s Essay McDonald’s, based in California, USA, has become the most famous and successful fast-food restaurants all over the world. Since the first McDonald’s opened in 1955, till now, McDonald’s has established more than 32,000 chain stores over 100 countries, serving more than 60 million people each day, and gaining around 15 billions incomes per year. In addition, McDonald’s keeps enhancing its brand imagine through different social activities and the sponsorship of special events and sports. (www. McDonalds. com. au) Why McDonald’s is so successful? How can it achieve this?The reason why McDonald’s is so successful is it well implements several business strategies. This essay is going to analyze the recipe of success of McDonal’s and argues that how business strategy influence the staffing strategy. The business strategy of McDonald’s is to deliver outstanding service to its customers, that is to provide its customers quality, cleanliness, quick service and value. Poter’s specialization strategy can help better understand McDonal’s business strategy. Poter (as cited in Phillips and Gully,2011, pp. 31) stated that firms using specialization strategy can be either cost leaders or differentiators.Such a strategy focus on a narrow market segment or niche-a single product, a particular end use, or buyers with special needs. Companies pursue specialization strategy can focus on a particular buyer group, either through a low price or differentiated products or services that other competitors cannot imitate. The nature of McDonalds product is food which everybody needs this makes the idea of a narrow focus strategy a little less likely for McDonalds. The specialization strategy is a combine of cost-leadership strategy or differentiation strategy.Businesses adopt such a strategy often try to develop a competitive advantage through customer intimacy and try to gain and increase customers’ loyalty through meeting their customers’ needs by delivering unique products or services. When hiring empolyees, it is very important that employers should focus on employees’ good people skills. McDonal’s competitive advantage is to provide its customers quality, cleanliness, quick service and value. In such a situation, hiring people with experience and good interpersonal skills can help Mcdonal’s to implement its business strategy However, many of its restaurant employees re teenagers without any work experience. Why is that? As Bechet( 2002, p. 167)stated, business strategy can influence staffing strategy. McDonal’s specialization strategy can be either cost leadership strategy or differentiation strategy. The main focus of cost leadership strategy is to keep costs and prices low. Organizations that adopt such a business strategy are try to build up a competitive advantage based on operational excellence that is to maximize the efficiency of the product development to minimize costs(Phillips and Gully 2011, pp. 0). Such an operational excellence requires companies to employ employees trainable and flexible, and have the ability to fulfill short-term production objectives by avoiding waste and lowering the company’s production coasts. Consequentially, it is not desirable to hire people who have experience and have high salary expectation because by adopting this strategy, employees require to work as team with a tight margin. It is not effectively for teamwork considering that employees pay disparity(Phillips and Gully 2011, pp. 31).In addition, McDonal’s is chain restaurants and views its employees as most important asset, which means that when hiring employess, it is necessary and significant to manage costs and control the asset, like managing other asset such as equipment or steel. As a result, the acquisition and deployment of the cheaper and the quicker the labor the better. By knowing this, McDonal’s turns to working hard at hiring employees without experience, but want to excel in delivering its outstanding service rather than their experienced counterparts.When business strategy formulate, it is important to find the right people to execute it. So staff is very important in that it is employees’ willingness and ability to implement the organizational business strategy (Bechet 2002, p. 168). Whether a company hiring long-term careers or short-term workers, or hiring people with related experience or people without experience, these are relate to staffing strategy. Staffing strategy according to Phillips and (Gully 2011, pp. 33), can reflect its business strategy, human resource strategy and talent philosophy.In the field of strategic human resource, Arthur found that Poretr’s generic strategies have association with human resource activities. In well managed companies, human resource activities have both long and short-term focus(Becker amp; Gerhart 1996, p. 783). On the short-term side, immediate staffing including recruiting and development are defined annually, often as integral part of the budgeting process. On the long-term part, directional plans of action, such as training and development programs, are supporting business strategies. What’s more, organizations should meet their staff’s needs.Thus, how to retain employees is the organizations’ top agenda (Becker amp; Gerhart 1996, p. 788). McDonald’s has refocused its efforts and realized the importance of providing customers with quality food in a clean and organized environment with quick service at an affordable price. In order to sustain its competitive advantage, from short-term perspective, McDonal’s need employees to deliver its service. Such work does not need highly skills and knowledge. From budget perspective, it is less costly to employ teenagers instead of experienced employees.However, from long-term perspective, McDonal’s try to retain its employees by providing them ongoing training and then promote from within to fill its managerial positions. Besides, for McDonal’s, the best way to hire quality people is to advertise inside the restaurant and aim at attract local people or through employee referral. Ullman (as cited in Shinnar, Youngamp; Meana 2004, P. 273) stated that applicants referred by current employees should prescreened these applicants and then decide to recommend. As screeners, current employees can know both the job and the individual.They know who has the ability to do this job. Moreover, current employees connect referral with their reputation. Therefore, they will only refer quality applicants. In the service industry, especially service of food, few managers would deny that employee turnover is not a problem. A major reason why employee turnover in food servers is such high is that the service work itself has the negative image: people have a bad impression when speak to jobs of such type, thinking it is a physical job with long hours, low pay, lack of benefits and hard work (DiPietro amp; Merwyn 200 6, p. 73). The foodservice industry now is the number one private sector employer in the world and still presents a continuing growth. Due to this growth, how to recruit and retain hourly employees remain primary challenges to restaurant managers (National Restaurant Association as cited in DiPietro amp; Merwyn 2006, p. 178 ). The demographics of the world have changed so much that aging problems become businesses main challenge. There is a shortage of younger workers because of decades of low birth rates, who are traditionally main workforce in service restaurant industry.With the increasing shortage of available younger workers, it is recommended that companies such as McDonl’s turn to use older workers. Past attitudes towards older workers by employers are hard to train, lack creativity, have physically problems and be inflexible (Sargeant 2001, p. 146). However, they are not the whole truth. In fact, because of rapid development of medical knowledge and technology, along with healthy diets and lifestyles, there are increased physically older people (Barth amp; McNaught 1991, p. 423). Studies(DiPietro amp; Milman 2004, p. 5 ) showed that most older workers are more dependable, have less accidents, fewer absences, lower turnover than the younger counterparts. In addition, older workers have the ability to help to mentor the younger workers in problem solving. Furthermore, it is turned out to be that older workers can build a better rapport with customers by using their interpersonal skills. In conclusion, the recipe of success of McDonal’s is to well implement business strategy it choose, However, how to manage and retain its employees is very important, because it is employees who have the motivation and ability to execute the business strategy.By knowing this, McDonal’s works hard to hire the right people and retain then by providing them ongoing training and promote from within for its managerial positions. Reference list Arthur, JB 1 992, The link between business strategy and industrial relations systems in American steel minimills. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol45, pp. 488-506. Barth, MC amp; McNaught, W 1991, The impact of future demographic shifts on the employment of older workers’. Human Resource Management, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 420-434. Bechet, TP 2002, Staffing strategy: A practical toolkit for workforce planning.Amacom, USA. Becker, B amp; Gerhart, B 1996, The impact of human resource management on organizational performance: progress and prospects’ . Academy of Management Journal, vol. 39, pp. 779-801. DiPietro, RB amp; Merwyn LS 2006, Management Perceptions of older employees in the U. S. quick service restaurant industry’, Human Resources in the Foodservice Industry, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 169-185. DiPietro, RB amp; Milman, A 2004 Hourly employee retention factors in the quick service restaurant industry’, International Journal of Hospitaity amp; Tourism Administra tion, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 31-51.Glasgow, KM 2001, A strategic model of temporary staffing, Routledge, New York. Olian, JD amp; Rynes, SL 1984, Organizational staffing: integrating practice with strategy’, Industrial relations, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 170-183. Phillips, J and Gully, S 2011, Strategic Staffing, Pearson Education limited, London. Sargeant, M 2001 Lifelong learning and age discrimination in employment’, Educa- tion and the Law, vol13, no. 2, pp. 141-155. Shinnar, RS, Young, CA amp; Meana, M 2004, The motivations for and outcomes of employee rederrals’, Journal of Business and Psychology, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 271-283.

Dissertation Editing Paper

Dissertation Editing Paper Dissertation Editing Paper Dissertation Editing PaperWhy should you edit your paper or dissertation? The answer is evident: you will not have the second chance to make an impression on your teacher. It is your task to ensure that your dissertation writing is free of errors, mistakes, and inconsistencies. Editing is necessary to check the flow of ideas, thesis methodology, relevance of content, thesis format and all other issues which have strong impact on the quality of your work. So editing is about spelling, capitalization, grammar, word usage, content, etc. Dissertation Editing Paper MethodsThere are two methods of dissertation editing: self edit and peer edit.Self-Edit is done by yourself. You need to read your own dissertation backwards: start with the last sentence, then read the second last sentence, then move to the third last sentence, and so on. If each sentence makes sense, your dissertation is well-written. If it does not, you should revise it accordingly. Use your senses to identify places for improvement: do you see or hear any mistakes in your arguments, ideas, or statements? Peer-Edit is done in a group. Due to the fact that you are the author of your own paper, you may not notice many mistakes and as the result, may not be able to edit your dissertation effectively. Ask a couple of your friends or family members to read your dissertation (chapter by chapter, for example) and highlight the areas requiring your attention. Is argument clear? Are your points based on evidence? Dissertation Editing Paper TipsEvery sentence should have two essential parts: you should tell what/who the subject is and what is happening.Focus on easy to understand sentences but do not oversimplify, try to use different combinations of such words as but, or, yet, that, which, because, when, etc. Use commas and periods only where it is necessaryDo not abuse the exclamation mark!Check spelling of specific terms with the help of dictionaryDissertation Paper Editing ARRR TechniqueARRR techniqu e is one of the most effective editing tools. ARRR stands for Adding (is it necessary to add data to make your argument clear), Rearranging (is information logically presented?), Removing (is it necessary to remove any information?), and Replacing (is it necessary to replace any phrases to make stronger expressions?). Why should you try ARRR technique for your dissertation editing? It helps you make decisions about what to improve, gives opportunity to take a look at the writing from a different perspective, make your writing clearer, more interesting, more informative, and more convincing. If you are in need of dissertation help or looking for paper editing help , you may read paper editing tips or request professional editing service at our site!

And Introduction to Spanish Verb Conjugation

And Introduction to Spanish Verb Conjugation The concept of verb conjugation is the same as in English - only the details are far more complicated. Verb conjugation refers to the process of changing a verb form to provide information about the action being performed. The form of the verb can give us some idea about who is performing the action, when the action is being performed, and the relation of the verb to other parts of the sentence. To better understand the concept of conjugation in Spanish, lets look at some conjugation forms in English and compare them with some Spanish forms. In the examples below, the English verbs are explained first, followed by the corresponding Spanish forms. If youre a beginner, dont worry for now about what terms like present tense, auxiliary verb and indicative mean. If you cant understand what they refer to by the examples given, you will learn them in your later studies. This lesson isnt intended to be an exhaustive analysis of the subject, but rather just enough that you can grasp the concept of how conjugation works. Infinitive To talk is the infinitive form of the verb in English. It is the basic form of the verb, by itself conveying no information about the verb action. It can be used as a noun, as in To talk in public is difficult. (Some grammarians classify talk by itself as the infinitive).The same things are true of Spanish infinitives; they convey no information about the verb action, and they can be used as nouns. Infinitives in Spanish always end in -ar, -er or -ir. The verb for to talk is hablar. Present-tense indicative verbs I talk, you talk, he talks, she talks, we talk, they talk. In English, an s: yo hablo, I talk; tà º hablas, you (singular) talk; à ©l habla, he talks; ella habla, she talks; nosotros hablamos, we talk; ellos hablan, they talk. In many cases the verb form gives enough information that it isnt necessary to indicate with a subject noun or pronoun who is performing the action. Example: canto, I sing. Future-tense indicative I will talk, you will talk, he will talk, we will talk, they will talk. In English, the future tense is formed by using the auxiliary verb will.For the future tense, Spanish uses a set of verb endings that indicate who is performing the action as well as indicate that it is happening in the future. Examples: hablarà ©, I will speak; hablars, you (singular) will speak; à ©l hablar, he will speak; hablaremos, we will speak; hablarn, they will speak. Preterite (a type of past tense) I talked, you talked, he talked, we talked, they talked. In English, the simple past tense usually is formed by adding s: hablà ©, I talked; hablaste, you (singular) talked; hablà ³, she talked; hablamos, we talked; hablaron, they talked. Present perfect (another type of past tense) I have talked, you have talked, he has talked, we have talked, they have talked. In English, the present perfect is formed by using the present tense of to have and adding a participle, which usually ends in s: he hablado, I have spoken; à ©l ha hablado, he has spoken. The gerund and progressive tenses I am talking, you are talking, she is talking, we are talking, they are talking. English forms a gerund by adding s: estoy hablando, I am talking; estuvo hablando, he was talking. Subjunctive mood If I were rich ... If that be the case ... English sometimes uses the subjunctive mood to indicate something that is hypothetical or contrary to fact. Distinctive forms for the subjunctive mood, although they used to be somewhat common, are nearly absent from modern English conversation.Spanish also uses a subjunctive mood, but it is far more common than in English. Going into details about its use is beyond the scope of this lesson, but it is usually used in dependent clauses. Example: In Quiero que ella hable (I want her to talk, or, literally, I want that she talk.), hable is in the subjunctive mood. Commands (imperative mood) Talk. English has a simple command form based on an unconjugated form of the verb. To give a command, you simply use the infinitive without the to.Spanish has both formal and familiar requests that are indicated by verb endings. Examples: hable (usted), habla (tà º), (you) talk. In some circumstances, such as in recipes, the infinitive can also function as a type of comand. Other verb forms I could talk, I would talk, I could have talked, I will have talked, I was talking, I will be talking. English uses several auxiliary verbs to convey a sense of time for a verbs action.Spanish uses the verb haber and/or a variety of endings to convey a similar sense of time. Most learning Spanish as a second language learn these forms at an intermediate level. Summary As you can see, the verb forms are much more extensive in Spanish than they are in English. Complicating things is that the most common verbs are usually  irregular, as they are in English (I go, but I went, and I see, but I saw). The important thing to keep in mind is that Spanish usually uses endings to more fully convey the nature of the action, while English is much more likely to use auxiliary verbs and other sentence components.

The biggest challenge facing your national economy today Essay

The biggest challenge facing your national economy today - Essay Example Almost every economy in the world is somehow related to the US economy and therefore, even a minor effect on it could have larger impacts on the economies of different countries. There are a number of problems and challenges being faced by the economy of United States today. The biggest problem, however, is the increasing debt which is considered to be the largest debt to be faced by any country. This includes household, local and state government as well as federal government debt. This debt has been accumulated over the past thirty years and has been growing much faster than the overall level of GDP. This poses serious threat for the economy as sooner or later this debt bubble will burst just like the housing bubble which led to the financial crisis in 2007. The bursting of the debt bubble will cripple the entire economy as it has become dependant on borrowing and debt. Nearly all the transactions of the economy is done on a credit basis, adding to the overall national debt. A burst of this bubble would affect the increasing standard of living being enjoyed by the citizens of America today. The household debt has increased by about 1700% since the year 197 1and around 46% of Americans are dependant on credit cards (Michael, June 2012). The second component of the national debt is the local and state government`s debt has crossed the 3 trillion dollar mark as most of the state governments are becoming bankrupt due to the increasing level of debts. Along with this, the federal government has been facing a hug amount of debt as well which has reached the dollar 16 trillion mark. In the recent years, around 3 trillion dollars of debt have been added to the overall level of national debt. The percentage of national debt is said to get more than double if the amount of household, federal and local governments` debt continues to rise at similar rate. Similar cases of increasing debt have been observed in Greece,

Jacksons Scaryland Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jacksons Scaryland - Research Paper Example Playing for 37 minutes, this visual and musical treat was even honored as the longest music video in history by the Guinness Book of World Records in 2002. Although considered to be one of the great works of Jackson, it did not receive enough promotion and appreciation during the period of its release. However, now with the advent of Internet and YouTube, anybody can have a glimpse of this excellent work. Thus, the focus will be on the musical and visual content of the video, discussing whether or not the two relate, then the narrative part, and finally place the video within the greater context of his life and career to find out whether Jackson is making any statement. Overview In this film, Michael portrays five characters, the Maestro, the Mayor of Normal Valley, the skeleton of Maestro, the Super Ghoul and the Ghoul mayor, all of which was achieved by the magic of extensive makeup. The plot starts with the Mayor of Normal Valley along with some delighted kids and angry parents en tering the Scary Land, a creepy and haunted mansion of Maestro. Maestro is a man who lives alone and known to possess supernatural powers. The introduction of Michael Jackson wearing a hood and a skeleton mask does prove him as a master of disguise. The Mayor accuses maestro for scarring kids with non-existent ghost stories. He warns him and tries to drive him off, but Maestro challenges him and calls for a game between two of them, with the first one to become scared leaving the game and leave the other undisturbed. This scenario provides apt setting for Jackson to exhibit all his dancing moves, stunning make-ups, etc., thereby relating both visual and musical elements. ... The film ends with the Mayor getting scared and throwing himself out of the window, when self destructed Maestro once again appears as a monster. Musical and Visual elements Jackson is always known for creating awesome music videos, to bring to life his musical creations. Primarily a song writer, Jackson came up with music videos to elevate the song further and reach more people, and also vice versa with the success of the videos further improving the sales of his music album and also increasing their popularity. In the case of this Ghost video, Jackson primarily used three songs, 2 Bad from the album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I, HIStory, and Is it Scary and Ghosts, both from the album Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix. Apart from the usual utilization of musical equipments, Jackson has aptly incorporated the marching and stomping sounds, which turns into a bass rhythm creating enough resonance. Incorporation of sneezing, coughing, grunting and stomping into the music composition is unique and classy on the part of Jackson. Thus, the track showcases all of Jackson’s trademarks, funky bass lines nicely mixed with voice sounds, which got reflected in the music video as well, thereby creating a correlation between musical and visual aspects. That is, the use of voice sounds automatically got â€Å"translated† in the visuals, as Jackson as part of choreography included or performed all those sounds. â€Å"Even their coughs and sneezes are choreographed and incorporated into the rhythm of music.†2 Apart from this relation between visual and musical elements, other visual elements stand alone, but contribute optimally to elevate the video. In Jackson’s style, the film featured innovative special effects as well as make-up effects

Listening to a radio program relevant to some of our class readings Essay

Listening to a radio program relevant to some of our class readings and discussions and providing a corresponding write-up of the program - Essay Example The more education one has, the more money he/she is likely to earn. Families comprising of two uneducated couples are likely to suffer poverty and at the end bring up poor children who have less opportunities for education and work (Carbone 22). Women in America have been provided with the opportunity to pursue careers outside the home. Educated women in this perspective earn a better pay. While this actually reduces the difference, changes incurred in men’s earning depending on their education are the major causes of the rising income inequality. There is the issue of moral decline. In this case, women have abandoned their culture which directs them to their responsibilities as house wives. In the contemporary society, both men and women are competing for various opportunities. In some cases, women are found to secure higher opportunities than their male spouses. This develops a feeling of independence within the woman and thus leading to the family breakup. This program analyses the grand dynamics that lead to the accumulation and the distribution of capital among families within the U.S. Inequality and the concentration of wealth as well as the prospects for economic growth are key values that lie in the hearts of the political economy. According to Piketty, the modern growth in economy and the diffusion of knowledge has diminished inequalities. However, extreme inequalities are feared to arise as a result of the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the economic growth rate in the contemporary society (Piketty 25). The most striking issue on this regards the remarkable break witnessed in the years between 1914 and 1945. Considering this period, there developed an impression that capitalism was becoming more democratic. The inherited wealth was no longer the matter behind an individual’s ability and position in the hierarchy of social-economic. Other provoking point discuses such circumstances like the two world wars, the debt fueled

Course Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Course Design - Essay Example According to Iwasiw, Goldenberg & Andrusyszyn (2009), curriculum development in nursing education is characterized by ‘interaction, cooperation, change, and possibility conflict, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..and values of stakeholders’ (Chapter 1, n.p). Wound care management is a hot topic which requires special attention in nurses training. So a program in this would be very useful. Foot care management is providing education and training on proper foot care like foot massaging, trimming toe nails, identifying circulatory disorders etc. All these require expertise. So a course on foot care management is essential. These three areas are in need of experienced man power. So training courses in the above said departments is a necessity. I. SANE Course A. Course Design A course on Sexual assault nursing examination is important as the trauma of a victim is so intense. A four weeks long SANE course should follow a student centered approach with maximum interaction from the part of the st udent. In addition to the interactive class room sessions the learner should get active clinical practice making the learner competent in sexual assault practice. The learner should be trained in psychological principles to deal with the emotional state of the patient. The class size of 8 students and well trained faculty members makes the course interactive and interesting. Clinical practice sessions and visits to crime lab and crisis centers give the students enough practical exposure. 1. Course Description. This four-week course offers didactic and clinical training for Registered Nurses to conduct a comprehensive sexual assault medical forensic examination and to testify in court on that exam if called. This course should train the nurse in advanced physical assessment skills like emergency care, critical care and maternal child health care. The training they require should meet the requirement of the community they serve as each community varies in the mode of SANE practice. It varies according to the type of patient they handle like adult, adolescent and pediatric. A SANE is trained to work with a multidisciplinary population of professionals like advocates, law enforcement, forensic experts and legal professionals. So training in a collaborative learning environment is a criterion in SANE training. This course provides further knowledge in topics such as forensic code of ethics, extensive forensic examination, and documentation of injuries, collection of forensic samples and its management, testifying legal proceedings, giving emotional support to the victims. 2. Goal. The goal of this course is to mold a registered nurse to a professional trained in clinical preparation and forensic care of a patient who has experienced sexual assault. 3. Objectives. After four weeks of the course; 3.1. The participants will be able to discuss medical forensic history and dynamics of sexual assault 3.2. The participants will be able to describe and give examples of wha t to document, how to document and management of forensic samples 3.3 The participants will be able to demonstrate or show how to testify in a mock trial and do the GYN exam 3.4. The participants will be able to compare and contrast/ analyze different assault situations. 3.5. The participants will be able to explain/summarize forensic code of ethics 3.6. The participant develops skill in physical examination of the person who has undergone sexual assault 3.7. The

FedEX company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FedEX company - Essay Example The Company also aims to achieve a 10% increase in its operating margin. In order to attain to this long term objective, the Company has set out certain business goals, as laid out below (www.fedex.com): Additionally, the Company also plans to improve its reputation as an environmentally friendly organization, by reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 20 percent by the year 2020. (www.thaipr.net). The central focus of the Company’s plans and goals revolves around its people, i.e., â€Å"people are the wind beneath our wings.†(Frock, 2006:201). In the achievement of its goals, FEDEX has capitalized the vision of its founder, Smith who believed the success of the Company lay in IT(Lappin, 1996) and has implemented IT systems that are geared towards strengthening its e-commerce operations. The realization that information systems could play a vital role in ensuring the success of business has enabled the Company to survive and gain a head start in package delivery (www.garyclarke.com). The Company has made large investments in technology, using tracking software in order to ensure that the current delivery status of a package is always available, through the use of its proprietary network called Cosmos. The Company also sets up computer terminals at its customers’ offices and allows them access to the tracking software as well, so that they are able to generate their own pick-ups and deliveries (www.brainmass.com). Customer tracking of packages is facilitated through the use of the Powership software and terminals (www.informationweek.com). The Company has been using wireless applications for a long time, but the efficiency of its current operations has been achieved by integrating SAP into its tracking system in managing its supply chain. The significant aspect of its technology development is the use of SAP R/3 systems to integrate its tracking systems with its supply chain logistics.

Hepatitis B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hepatitis B - Essay Example There are also two cases of Hepatitis infection. If a person develops the virus later in life there is a higher chance of the person’s body defeating the virus. The virus can take somewhere between weeks and months to clear the body in such cases. The infection can be deadly however, and is most lethal in infants. The disease can also become life threatening if it becomes mixed with different live problems. Currently, there are several different solutions to the virus. Antiviral treatments are available, as well as several different immune system boosters. New antivirals are always under investigation. Vaccines have also been developed in preventing the spread of the disease. Health workers and even some college campuses are now requiring this vaccine. The vaccine has been found to be highly effective, as it greatly reduces the number of viral incidents, as well as reducing the risk of liver cancer. The Hepatitis B virus is a double stranded DNA virus (Hepatitis). When it enters into a host cell, it locates the cell’s nucleus and changes the cell to produce viral proteins. Viral RNA is also produced, and transferred to the cytosol of the cell, where it translates the viral polymerase and core proteins. Using the polymerase protein the RNA is then converted into genomic DNA, and then the mature core particle leaves the cells through normal passageways (Hepatitis). The transfer of this possibly deadly virus happens between fluid contact of people. The virus can be transferred through â€Å"unprotected sexual contact, blood transfusions, re-use of contaminated needles and syringes, and vertical transmission from mother to child during childbirth†(Hepatitis). In low risk areas, drug abuse and unprotected sex are the main forms of virus transfer. In high risk areas however, the passing of the virus from mother is much higher, it can even reach a 90 percent chance of a mother passing the virus to her

FedEX company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FedEX company - Essay Example The Company also aims to achieve a 10% increase in its operating margin. In order to attain to this long term objective, the Company has set out certain business goals, as laid out below (www.fedex.com): Additionally, the Company also plans to improve its reputation as an environmentally friendly organization, by reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 20 percent by the year 2020. (www.thaipr.net). The central focus of the Company’s plans and goals revolves around its people, i.e., â€Å"people are the wind beneath our wings.†(Frock, 2006:201). In the achievement of its goals, FEDEX has capitalized the vision of its founder, Smith who believed the success of the Company lay in IT(Lappin, 1996) and has implemented IT systems that are geared towards strengthening its e-commerce operations. The realization that information systems could play a vital role in ensuring the success of business has enabled the Company to survive and gain a head start in package delivery (www.garyclarke.com). The Company has made large investments in technology, using tracking software in order to ensure that the current delivery status of a package is always available, through the use of its proprietary network called Cosmos. The Company also sets up computer terminals at its customers’ offices and allows them access to the tracking software as well, so that they are able to generate their own pick-ups and deliveries (www.brainmass.com). Customer tracking of packages is facilitated through the use of the Powership software and terminals (www.informationweek.com). The Company has been using wireless applications for a long time, but the efficiency of its current operations has been achieved by integrating SAP into its tracking system in managing its supply chain. The significant aspect of its technology development is the use of SAP R/3 systems to integrate its tracking systems with its supply chain logistics.

Project Team performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Project Team performance - Essay Example As a result, the employee mix in many organizations is comprised of a wider age range than a decade ago. The multigenerational team has always existed in one way or another, but of late project performance has tended to suffer because of erroneous perceptions concerning the conduct of team members. The challenge to management (and the aim of this essay) is to understand and appreciate the various generational behaviours and values, in order to plan how managers may realize the intended project synergy. Understanding the Generations Present realities in the workplace have generated interest in various issues which have until recently been rarely heard of: i.e., differences in perception among generations, familiarity with new technologies, behaviour with regard to authority, and divergence in the use of written and oral language. There has been much debate concerning the existence of intergenerational differences, if such are truly significant to merit particular attention, or if the perceived differences are merely misconceptions caused by stereotyping. For forward looking managers, success may be achieved only in a work environment that supports the different generational concerns and work styles (Manhertz, 2009, p. 2). Many organizations throughout the world have realized that their staff may be categorized into four distinct generations, namely: Generation Y (Manhertz, 2009) or Nexters (Durkin in BHM, 2004), 29 years old and under; Generation X (Manhertz) or Xers (Durkin), 30 to 44 years old; Baby Boomers (both Manhertz and Durkin), 45 to 63 years old; and Traditionalists (Manhertz; Buahene & Kovary, 2007), Veterans (Durkin), or Mature (Morlan & Gelbtuch), 64 years old and over. To each of these groups are associated certain attributes which, barring stereotyping, appear to characterize the individuals belonging to them because of their psycho-social development and the unique history of their generation. This is because human beings form a set of insight, i ntuition, and knowledge in relation to sensory stimuli that exist at the particular time and place. Persons belonging to the same generation will generally be exposed to the same environmental stimuli and may therefore form, to some extent, the same set of attributes (Bell, 2008). For instance, Nexters believe that hard work and goal orientation lead to the realization of their dreams; thus, they work best with leaders who are highly goal-oriented. For Nexters, managers should be sure to definitively articulate their goals, both personally and those of the organization. Nexters need to have a clear image of their role in the team and the firm. The next group, Xers, form the majority of the work force and are beginning to assume the reins of management from the Baby Boomers. They are adept, resourceful and clever, sufficiently versed in the new technology and combining it with their growing work knowledge. According to Durkin (BMH, 2004), Xers â€Å"seek instant gratification and ha ve a huge need to succeed, while at the same time striving for a balance in life and work. This generation works to live instead of living to work.†

A Short Essay on Beauty Essay Example for Free

A Short Essay on Beauty Essay Beauty is defined as the quality present in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure or deep satisfaction to the mind, whether arising from sensory manifestations (as shape, color, sound, etc. ), a meaningful design or pattern, or something else (as a personality in which high spiritual qualities are manifest). However, beauty has been topic of debate in terms of its definition. In order to see what is special about pleasure in beauty, we must shift the focus back to consider what is special about the judgment of taste, which helps determine beauty in an object. For Kant, the judgment of taste claims â€Å"universal validity†, which he describes as follows:†¦ when [a man] puts a thing on a pedestal and calls it beautiful, he demands the same delight from others. He judges not merely for himself, but for all men, and then speaks of beauty as if it were a property of things. Thus he says that the thing is beautiful; and it is not as if he counts on others agreeing with him in his judgment of liking owing to his having found them in such agreement on a number of occasions, but he demands this agreement of them. He blames them if they judge differently, and denies them taste, which he still requires of them as something they ought to have; and to this extent it is not open to men to say: Every one has his own taste. This would be equivalent to saying that there is no such thing as taste, i. e. no aesthetic judgment capable of making a rightful claim upon the assent of all men. (Kant 1790, p. 52; see also pp. 136–139. However, having said that, there is art and architecture around the world which provides universal appeal. For example, the Cathedral of Notre Dame could easily enamor a Hindu family, without them having very little or no knowledge of its cultural or religious significance. The Taj Mahal and the Statue of David could exude great amounts of sublimity to people of every walks of life. What is it in Art and Architecture that arouses such pleasure and popularity? Corbusier once said, â€Å"The Architect, by his arrangements of forms, realizes an order which is a pure creation of his spirit; through forms and shapes he affects our senses to an acute degree and provokes plastic emotions; by the relationships which he creates he creates profound echoes in us, he gives us the measure of an order which we feel to be in accordance with that of our world, he determines the various movements of our heart and of our understanding; it is then we experience the sense of beauty. † The above stated personal opinion could very well be the reason of Art and Architecture being an inherent and quintessential part of the global cultural heritage. Also, Art and Architecture has also regarded as stimulants to generate happiness. As Fredrick M. Padelford mentioned, â€Å"Indeed, I think that we are not at all aware of the immense social asset that uniformly good architecture would be. Fancy a city in which all of the buildings are beautiful, and trace the influence on the lives of the inhabitants. In the first place, it would add greatly to the happiness of people, for, as has been observed, it is the normal function of beauty to make us happy. Unless we have allowed ourselves to become diseased, happiness will attend beauty as naturally as flowers turn to the sun† (Frederick M. Padelford, â€Å"The Civic Control of Architecture,† American Journal of Sociology, July 1908, 45-46). ] This short essay though it does not conclude with a well defined explanation of beauty, it will give one an idea about some the various elements, which forms a very prominent influence on beauty.

My Educational Goals and Philosophy Statement Essay -- Philosophy of E

My Eclectic Educational Philosophy Thinking back on the years of high school, I remember having wonderful experiences both inside the classroom and out. I had influential teachers and the drive to succeed in order to obtain a higher education. I realize that not all students have that drive to continue their education, but as an aspiring educator I wish to seek and find that drive in each of my students. The famous philosopher and educator, John Dewey, once said, "The aim of education is to enable individuals to continue their education -- or that the object and reward of learning is continued capacity for growth." As a facilitating instructor, I plan to pursue this "aim of education" with an eclectic blend of elements stemming from philosophies of education that already exist while creating and incorporating my own. The definition of progressive education is an educational philosophy emphasizing democracy, student needs, practical activities, and school-community relationships. Part of this philosophy with which I identify so well is the idea that the teacher should be more than just a regurgitation of their content area. I feel that an important element in teaching students and students reaching their goals is student-teacher interaction. The students should be more involved in classroom decisions when appropriate and as often as possible because, after all, it is their classroom on an everyday basis as well as mine. Because educating young minds will soon be my responsibility, I believe that part of that responsibility is to teach every child that enters my room the proper skills to become more advanced learners and listeners. So, incorporating student intervention in the classroom decisions will help a... ...dle. I do understand however, on the contrary, that too much communication can be a bad thing, so my job is to only teach appropriate levels of communication and ways to use it. Being a teacher is something I have always wanted to do with hopes that one day I will be able to have a classroom of my own filled with bright colors and fun, reliable resources. I picture books everywhere of every culture providing inspiration, excitement, and aspiration for each of my students. Artwork will hang from the walls and the desks will be in a neat linear design while smells of candy fill the room; my students will never need for anything. Today, as a college student making my way closer to my future, my hopes of having that classroom are now becoming a reality. As clique as it sounds, I dream of being the teacher that each child wants to have -- some day I will.

Essay --

Research Paper: Role of Women in Greek Mythology In my readings I have discovered that women in ancient Greece played a big role in society. Unlike many other societies, women were able to play an important role in things like religion and politics and were viewed as valued members of society. This is something that’s very uncommon in early Western civilization, as women were mainly oppressed throughout most of our history. As I continued my research on the role of women in Ancient Greek civilization, I found that many of their predominant mythological figures are also strong women. Women played a big role in Greek religion and they were worshiped no less than male figures. Many of the Greek goddesses are depicted as strong, powerful and yet still feminine figures. A few examples of their strength and intelligence are depicted in the stories of Hera, Athena, and more. Each of these female goddesses are considered key parts of Greek mythology and have clearly made an impact on how Greeks view women in their society. I believe that it is particularly because of how important the goddesses were to Greek mythology that women were able to be such key parts of Greek society as a whole. According to Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity by Sarah B. Pomeroy girls in ancient Greece were taught to be physically strong. They took part in many physical activities like sports along with boys. Pomeroy also states that women played a big role in religious festivals (Pomeroy). â€Å"Spartan women were put through physical training†¦ They could own their own land (as much as 40% of Spartan land in the fourth century BC was owned by women). Sayings of Spartan women were collected and became the essence of the Sp... ... fully naked statue of the goddess Aphrodite was created at the very beginning of the Hellenistic age- and, increasingly, rulers in their won right† (Scott). The Greek goddesses and their portrayal in Greek mythology set a standard in which Greek women followed, to do their best to be equals to men and now allow themselves to feel oppressed. In conclusion, religion played a very prominent role in the empowerment of women in Ancient Greece. Thanks to the beautiful portrayal of women in Greek mythology, the women of Greece were respected and had the ability to affect change in their society. The stories of Hera, Athena Odysseus, and Circe have all helped shape the structure of women in Greek society. Each of story showing a different face of women, all of them playing just as important parts in Greek worship and daily Greek life as their male counterparts.

Toulmin Model

Josh Jones ENG 133-040 Mrs. Wagnon 26 February 2013 Harassing Illegals Legally? In the article, â€Å"Special Licenses for Immigrants Draw Protests in North Carolina,† by David Zucchino, he tells a story of a fight over driver's licenses for illegal immigrants in North Carolina. The key issue with the license is that it has a pink stripe running across the top of the card, and a phrase saying â€Å"No Lawful Status,† as well as a restriction on the back reiterating the same fact.Many people, including the author based on his biased sources, are opposed to this label and say that it is discriminatory and will provide a stigma to immigrants with this license. Supporting evidence is shown through a various number of sources, mainly the illegal immigrants themselves. These immigrants are protected under the deferred action program, which provides work permits and defers deportation for two years for immigrants brought into the country as children.One immigrant, Cinthia Marr oquin, who is a coordinator for an advocacy group, asks, â€Å"why make it so discriminatory,† and then says that they are trying to â€Å"out [illegal immigrants]. † The American Civil Liberties Union of North Carolina (ACLU) says that it is â€Å"unnecessary† and could â€Å"lead to harassment†¦ and racial profiling. † The Latin American Coalition in Charlotte says that it â€Å"would create a class of ‘inferior’ citizens,† considering that over 15,000 deferred-action applicants have been approved in North Carolina. The warrants coming with the claim are both explicit and implied.When you look at the big picture, knowing how society reacts to labels, this label would invoke a negative stigma on anyone using or showing this card in public. The backing for this follows suit with all of the support. Other immigrants are opposing it, saying that they won’t be able to make purchases with checks, order a beer or get on an airpl ane using this as a form of ID. Even though Republicans typically are opposed to any issue favoring immigrants, Zucchino seems to put a spin on their legislature. The Red North Carolina legislature has temporarily suspended the bill in order to give time for legislators to block or limit the license.Zucchino words this fact in a way to make it seem that even the very legislators that run this country, do not want this license to come to fruition for the same reasons as the immigrants themselves. A brief rebuttal comes in the form of a statement from a spokeswoman from the NC Department of Transportation. She claims that the design of the license stemmed from the state attorney general’s opinion. From there, the idea went through weeks of talks with federal and state agencies, and even advocacy groups. She says that this is all about the â€Å"individuals [being] able to get their driver’s licenses. † Toulmin Model Josh Jones ENG 133-040 Mrs. Wagnon 26 February 2013 Harassing Illegals Legally? In the article, â€Å"Special Licenses for Immigrants Draw Protests in North Carolina,† by David Zucchino, he tells a story of a fight over driver's licenses for illegal immigrants in North Carolina. The key issue with the license is that it has a pink stripe running across the top of the card, and a phrase saying â€Å"No Lawful Status,† as well as a restriction on the back reiterating the same fact.Many people, including the author based on his biased sources, are opposed to this label and say that it is discriminatory and will provide a stigma to immigrants with this license. Supporting evidence is shown through a various number of sources, mainly the illegal immigrants themselves. These immigrants are protected under the deferred action program, which provides work permits and defers deportation for two years for immigrants brought into the country as children.One immigrant, Cinthia Marr oquin, who is a coordinator for an advocacy group, asks, â€Å"why make it so discriminatory,† and then says that they are trying to â€Å"out [illegal immigrants]. † The American Civil Liberties Union of North Carolina (ACLU) says that it is â€Å"unnecessary† and could â€Å"lead to harassment†¦ and racial profiling. † The Latin American Coalition in Charlotte says that it â€Å"would create a class of ‘inferior’ citizens,† considering that over 15,000 deferred-action applicants have been approved in North Carolina. The warrants coming with the claim are both explicit and implied.When you look at the big picture, knowing how society reacts to labels, this label would invoke a negative stigma on anyone using or showing this card in public. The backing for this follows suit with all of the support. Other immigrants are opposing it, saying that they won’t be able to make purchases with checks, order a beer or get on an airpl ane using this as a form of ID. Even though Republicans typically are opposed to any issue favoring immigrants, Zucchino seems to put a spin on their legislature. The Red North Carolina legislature has temporarily suspended the bill in order to give time for legislators to block or limit the license.Zucchino words this fact in a way to make it seem that even the very legislators that run this country, do not want this license to come to fruition for the same reasons as the immigrants themselves. A brief rebuttal comes in the form of a statement from a spokeswoman from the NC Department of Transportation. She claims that the design of the license stemmed from the state attorney general’s opinion. From there, the idea went through weeks of talks with federal and state agencies, and even advocacy groups. She says that this is all about the â€Å"individuals [being] able to get their driver’s licenses. †

Mystic Monk Coffee Essay

1. Has Father Daniel Mary established a future direction for the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming? What is his vision for the monastery? What is his vision for Mystic Monk Coffee? What is the mission of the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming? Father Daniel Mary Has Established a future direction for the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming. His vision for the monastery is to transform their small brotherhood of 13 living in a small home used as a makeshift rectory into a 500-acre monastery. His vision to acquire the Irma Lake Ranch for them to provide accommodations for 30 monks, have a retreat center for lay visitors, build a Gothic church, have a convent for Carmelite Nuns, and a hermitage. Father Daniel Mary’s vision for Mystic Monk Coffee is to minimize the effect of cloistered monastic constraints and for it to be a stronger source of income for the monks to acquire the Irma Lake Ranch. The Mission of the Carmelite monks of Wyoming is to be able to increase the number of monks to 30 who will live out their lives in the monastery who understands the reality of the vows of obedience, chastity, and poverty and the sacrifices associated with living a cloistered religious life. 2. Does it appear that Father Daniel Mary has set definite objectives and performance targets for achieving his vision? Father Daniel Mary has not set definite objectives and performance targets to achieve his vision. He and the monks have only made steps widening the reach of Mystic Monk Coffee but it is not enough to support the vision of acquiring Irma Lake Ranch. They have to establish specific programs to really widen the reach of Mystic Monk Coffee to have more consumers, thus increasing profit. Through this, they become more closer in achieving their vision of transforming their existing home to the â€Å"New Mount Carmel†. 3. What is Father Prior’s strategy for achieving his vision? What competitive advantage might Mystic Monk Coffee’s strategy produce? In achieving his vision, Father Prior seek the help of Carmelite Supporters in aiming to build a community for God. In doing so, his competitive advantage is having his Catholic supporters his target market thorough word of the mouth and through their website. With its appeal to its supporters in using â€Å"use their Catholic coffee dollar for Christ and his catholic church†, it encourages their supporter to not just support the cause but make them see it as a way of giving to Christ. 4. Is Mystic Monk Coffee’s strategy a money-maker? What is MMC’s business model? What is your assessment of Mystic Monk Coffee’s customer value proposition? its profit formula? its resources that enable it to create and deliver value to customers? Mystic Monk’s Coffee strategy is a money-maker. With the given overview of the coffee industry more than 150 million people consume coffee in the United States alone. Since 89% prefer to brew their coffees rather than purchase ready-to-drink coffee. With an 11% net profit rate the coffee business will surely increase over time. Mystic Monk Coffee business model is to increase their production by purchasing a larger roaster for their growing demand and selling wholesale coffee to local churches and coffee shops. Mystic Monks Coffee has good products that enable them to have a successful customer value proposition. Offering high-quality fair trade Arabica beans that produces a variety of flavors to their customers, they give their customers better options and an opportunity to their secular website operators commissions on its sales through its Mystic Monk Coffee Affiliate Program that placed web banner ads and text ads on participating websites and give them 18% commission. In conclusion their resources and plans not only enable them to create and deliver the value that their customers deserve but it is also a means for the Carmelites to support their community and their causes from the outside world. 5. Does the strategy qualify as a winning strategy? Why or why not? The strategy cannot be considered as a winning strategy. The coffee industry has been growing for the past seven years, and with Mystic Monk’s comparable  prices of coffee bags to the retail prices, Mystic Monk’s coffee can take advantage of this scenario to earn more profits to be able to expand their market and ultimately their business and acquire the land. Mystic Monk also made use of a low-cost advertising strategy where their coffees were promoted through word of mouth among their loyal customers and Catholic patrons and the use of their website, however they are only capturing the Catholic population. With their planned acquisition of a roaster with a larger capacity, Mystic Monk will be able to produce more coffee once demand in the future increases, hence the need for a more efficient market penetration. 6. What recommendations would you make to Father Daniel Mary in terms of crafting and executing strategy for the monastery’s coffee operations? Are changed needed in its long-term direction? its objectives? its strategy? its approach to strategy execution? Explain. We recommend Father Daniel Mary to expand the reach of their product. Apart from their aggressive online, telephone , church and local coffee shop sales, they should take advantage of supplying the coffee to restaurants, malls, supermarkets and bazaars. They could also set up a store in the monastery where people often go and can readily purchase the coffee. Considering that the Catholic population is the largest in the US, they can establish a group of people who are willing to volunteer and sell the coffee across the US. Through this, their belief is shared to the volunteers. Moreover, since it was mentioned that most of their time is spent on prayer or morning and Vesper services which limits the production time, they can hire help and also mask for volunteers who can replace them during these times for a more efficient production of coffee.

Cyp 3.2 Promote Young Person and Child Development

CYP 3. 2 Promote Young Person and Child Development Be able to assess the development needs of children and young people and prepare a development plan What are the most relevant factors to be aware of when assessing a child or young person’s development? All children and young people are different and have different needs. Similarly, a family’s ability to respond to and meet all their needs may also differ. In some circumstances, professional assessment may be required to identify strengths and needs, to ensure that all children, young people and their families receive appropriate support.Assessment may take place in a wide range of situations and for a variety of purposes, for example:  · A teacher’s assessment of a child’s educational attainment at key stages of the national curriculum, to determine future learning plans.  · A paediatric assessment to ensure that a child has reached the appropriate developmental milestones and to monitor progress. à ‚ · A Connexions personal adviser’s assessment of a young person’s strengths and barriers to participation in learning to provide feedback and motivation. An educational psychologist’s assessment of a child or young person’s special educational needs to identify their educational strengths and needs.  · A social worker’s assessment of a child’s home situation, to determine if they are at risk of harm. Each of these types of assessment has a clearly defined purpose and it is important to note that the role and function of assessment may vary according to the context. Factors to take into consideration are: Health General healthThe unborn, infant, child or young person's current health condition (for example, conditions of relevance to an infant, child or young person, including growth, development, physical and mental well-being). Also includes consideration of: * health conditions or impairments which significantly affect everyday life fun ctioning whether chronic or acute, including obesity; unborn child is not developing adequately; * access to and use of appropriate health services (by mother in case of unborn), uch as those provided by a GP/dentist/optician, immunisations and appropriate developmental checks; * number and frequency of hospital admissions and accidents (of mother where unborn); * Access to and use of appropriate health advice and information, for example, diet, sexual health and management of any health condition such as diabetes or asthma (where unborn, mother is following advice). Physical Development: â€Å"Physical Development† refers to the infant, child or young person's means of mobility, level of physical or sexual maturity/delayed development.Factors to be taken into consideration include: * being well-nourished, being active, rested and protected, gaining control of the body, acquiring physcial skills; * vision and hearing; * fine and gross motor skills including: –  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  crawling, walking, running and climbing;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  participation in football or other games;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ability to draw pictures, do  jigsaws etc. Speech, Language and Communications Development The ability to communicate effectively, confidently and appropriately with others.Also includes consideration of: * preferred means of communication; * use of first language; * ability to gain attention and make contact, access positive relationships, be with others, encourage conversation; * the impulse to communicate, exploring, experiment, labelling and expressing, describing, questioning, representing and predicting, sharing thoughts, feelings and ideas; * listening and paying attention to what others say, making playful and serious responses, enjoying and sharing stories, songs, rhymes and games, learning about words and meanings; * vision and hearing; abil ity to communicate meaning, influence others, negotiate and make choices, understanding of others; * language for communicating and thinking; * linking sounds and letters; * reading and writing; * willingness to communicate; * articulation skills and language structure; * vocabulary and comprehension; * fluency of speech and confidence; * appropriateness of social and communications skills, for example, body language, excessive use of expletives or inappropriate language. Emotional and Social Development The emotional and social response the infant, child or young person gives to parents, carers and others outside the family.Also includes consideration of: * the importance of being special to someone, being able to express feelings, developing healthy dependence, developing healthy independence; * nature and quality of early attachments; * self-harm or risk of self-harm; * phobias or psychological difficulties; fears or psychological difficulties such as persistent sadness or tearfu lness; * temperament, coping and adjusting abilities for example, after experiencing domestic violence, bereavement or family relationship breakdown; * disposition, attitudes and motivation to change.Behavioural Development The behaviour of the child or young person and whether behaviour occurs in a particular setting or all settings. Also includes consideration of: * lifestyle and self-control (including participation in reckless activity and need for excitement); * behaviour in class or other environments where the child or young person comes into contact with their peers; * whether undiagnosed conditions may be impacting on behaviour (eg. earing or visual impairment); * substance misuse (includes alcohol and volatile substance misuse and controlled drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971); * anti-social behaviour for example, destruction of property, aggression towards others, harm or risk of harm to others; * sexually inappropriate behaviour and attempts to manipulate or contro l others; * early sexual activity, unprotected sex, lack of reflection or positive decision making about sex and relationships; * offending behaviour and risk of re)offending; * violent or aggressive behaviour at home or school; * attitudes to offending; * over activity, attentiveness, concentration and impulsive behaviour Identity, including self-esteem, self-image and social presentation   The growing sense of self as a separate and valued person.Also includes consideration of: * growing awareness of self, realisation of separateness and differences from others, recognition of personal characteristics and preferences, finding out what they can do; * importance of gaining self-assurance through a close relationship, becoming confident in what they can do, valuing and appreciating their own abilities, feeling self-assured and supported, a positive view of themselves; * knowledge of personal and family history; access to recognition, acceptance and comfort, ability to contribute to secure relationships, understanding they can be valued by and important to someone, exploring emotional boundaries; * sense of belonging, being able to join in, enjoying being with familiar and trusted others, valuing individuality and contributions of self and others, having a role and identity within a group, acceptance by those around them; * race, religion, age, gender, sexuality and disability – may be affected by bullying or discriminatory behaviour; understanding of the way in which appearance and behaviour are perceived and the impression being created.Family and Social Relationships The ability to empathise and build stable and affectionate relationships with others, including  family, peers and the wider community. Also includes consideration of: * stable and affectionate relationships with parents or caregivers; * sibling relationships; * involvement in helping  others; * age-appropriate friendships; * association with predominantly pro-criminal peers or lack of non-criminal friends; * understanding of  others and awareness of consequences; * association with substance-misusing friends/peer groups.Give examples of how you can assess a child or young person’s development in the following areas. Physical development- When we refer to physical development we are looking at factors such as gross motor(which indicates large muscle development such as walking or swinging our arms) and fine motor (more intricate movements such as picking up objects or writing). This is a relatively easy assessment to carry out. If we have regular contact with the child or young person we can usually measure and weigh that individual on a weekly or bi-weekly basis. Over a short period of time it would soon become apparent if there was any cause for concern.We can also observe children as they play and interact. For example can they climb, skip, use a rope and coordinate their hand to eye movements. Communication and speech development: By speech we mean * The speech sounds children use to build up words, saying sounds accurately and in the right places. * Speaking fluently, without hesitating, prolonging or repeating words or sounds. * Speaking with expression and a clear voice, using pitch, volume and intonation to support meaning. By communication we mean the way in which language is used to interact with others * Using language in different ways; to question, clarify, describe and debate. Using non-verbal rules of communication: listening, looking, knowing how to take verbal turns and how to change language use to suit the situation. * The ability to take into account other people’s perspectives, intentions and wider context This can be assessed by observing the way in which a child or young person interacts with us, their parents or their social groups. We can also spend time with younger children by getting them to repeat words or have short, fun conversations with them.When assessing them we can look out for any irreg ularities such as stutters, speech impediments or factors that may be affecting listening skills etc. Cognitive or intellectual development Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. It was once believed that infants lacked the ability to think or form complex ideas and remained without cognition until they learned language. It is now known that babies are aware of their surroundings and interested in exploration from the time they are born.From birth, babies begin to actively learn. They gather, sort, and process information from around them, using the data to develop perception and thinking skills. Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of his or her world through the interaction of genetic and learned factors. Among the areas of cognitive development are information processing, intelligence reasoning, l anguage, development and memory A broad range of assessment measures should be used to gain a full understanding of a pre-schooler’s functioning (e. . , parent and teacher reports, behavioural observation, detailed developmental history, and play-based assessment, in addition to traditional cognitive tests). Social/behavioural/emotional development Healthy social-emotional development includes the ability to: * Form and sustain positive relationships * Experience, manage, and express emotions * Explore and engage with the environment Children with well-developed social-emotional skills are also more able to: * Express their ideas and feelings * Display empathy towards others Manage their feelings of frustration and disappointment more easily * Feel self-confident * More easily make and develop friendships * Succeed in school Social-emotional development provides the foundation for how we feel about ourselves and how we experience others. This foundation begins the day we are born and continues to develop throughout our lifespan. The greatest influence on a child’s social-emotional development is the quality of the relationships that he develops with his primary caregivers.Positive and nurturing early experiences and relationships have a significant impact on a child’s social-emotional development. We can assess the emotional, social and behavioural development of the children who are in our care by recording behaviour patterns such as temper tantrums, physical confrontations and playful interactions.. These findings can be recorded on charts and in diaries on a regular basis. Moral development Moral development focuses on the emergence, change, and understanding of morality from infancy through adulthood.In the field of moral development, morality is defined as principles for how individuals ought to treat one another, with respect to justice, others’ welfare, and rights. In order to investigate how individuals understand morality, it is essential to measure their beliefs, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors that contribute to moral understanding. The field of moral development studies the role of peers and parents in facilitating moral development, the role of conscience and values, socialization and cultural influences, empathy and altruism, and positive development.The interest in morality spans many disciplines (e. g. , philosophy, economics, biology, and political science) and specializations within psychology (e. g. , social, cognitive, and cultural). Moral developmental psychology research focuses on questions of origins and change in morality across the lifespan Essentially it is the process in which children learn right from wrong, this is learned behaviour as a child will learn from its primary carer. We can assess what a young person or child is learning with regards to their morale’s by observing their behaviour towards thers. It is also possible to present certain dilemma’s under cont rolled circumstances to that child. Example: â€Å"Who is Naughtier? † Piaget determined that younger children judge bad behavior by the amount of damage caused by a person's behavior. He would tell children a story with a moral dilemma. He would ask them to tell him â€Å"who is naughtier:† a boy who accidentally broke fifteen cups or a boy who breaks one cup trying to reach a jam jar when his mother is not around.Younger children attributed the â€Å"naughty† behavior to the boy who broke the most cups regardless of the other child's intent. This type of moral reasoning was called Objective Morality or Moral Realism. Older children attributed bad behavior to the boy who broke only one cup because his motives where bad. This, more advanced form of moral reasoning was called Subjective Morality or Autonomous Morality. Piaget did not feel that children fully achieved this stage of moral development before the ages of twelve or thirteen. Similar essay: How Different Types of Transitions Can Affect Children